En 2014 la Corte Constitucional solicito a varias universidades “un concepto científico acerca de los efectos que para el desarrollo integral del menor podría tener el hecho de ser adoptado por personas de un mismo sexo”. Este concepto fue requerido en virtud de la demanda 10135/14 por parte del ciudadano Diego Andrés Prada Vargas contra los artículos 64, 66 y 68 y contra el artículo primero de la Ley 54 de 1990, los cuales excluyen a parejas del mismo sexo para (...) la adopción. Por solicitud del director del Departamento de Psicología, elabore un concepto ratificando lo planteado en Domínguez, al mostrar que los estudios internacionales desde el repertorio empirico-analitico han comprobado que el cuidado y la proveeduría dependen cada vez menos del género y la orientación sexual. La corte constitucional nuevamente desconoció los conceptos científicos favorables a las familias homoparentales, y solamente ratifico la adopción en el caso de que uno de los integrantes de la pareja fuera la madre biológica o el padre biológico. Al continuar la controversia, propongo revisar las reclamaciones de justica de la demanda 10135/14 desde las propuestas de un “pacto de cuidado” y de “neutralidad con respecto de Appiah en cuanto a: el reconocimiento a las personas del mismo sexo de su “deseo de vivir bien”, la obligatoriedad de reglamentar la adopción para personas del mismo sexo o la custodia para padres biológicos en esta situación ; y la inclusión dentro del pacto de cuidado de hijas o hijos de familias homoparentales en la educación al valorar la donación por parte de las parejas homosexuales de una socialización primaria basada en la estima y el respeto. Primero, presento las avances de la jurisprudencia colombiana frente a los derechos de los homosexuales, muestro como la solicitud de conceptos psicológicos sobre las personas homosexuales ha sido una estrategia dilatoria, y propongo revisar las pretensiones de la demanda 10135/14 en cuanto a las razones suficientes para encontrar una distancia justa hacia el derecho a un pacto de cuidado para la _debida inclusión_ de familias monoparentales en los beneficios y obligaciones frente al estado. (shrink)

Esta investigación busca comprender el sustrato emocional en los planes de vida de los jóvenes universitarios, en cuanto a sus juicios de valor sobre una vida digna y buena en situaciones de vulnerabilidad, así como la intencionalidad y los modos de comunicación de estos en la experiencia universitaria. A partir de la propuesta investigativa hermenéutica narrativa de Quintero-Mejía, se interpretaron las emociones morales presentes en las tramas de planes de vida de los estudiantes de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia. El (...) autoexamen reveló los conflictos emocionales sobre las situaciones vulnerables que escaparon al control, y los juicios reconstructivos mostraron cómo el miedo, la culpa, la vergüenza o la humillación afectaron el equilibrio emocional. Además, cada estudiante mostró, los juicios compromisorios para el bien propio y creencias hacia el bien común. (shrink)

As a result of recent corporate scandals, several rules have focused on the role played by Boards of Directors on the planning and monitoring of corporate codes of ethics. In theory, outside directors are in a better position than insiders to protect and further the interests of all stakeholders because of their experience and their sense of moral and legal obligations. Female directors also tend to be more sensitive to ethics according to several past studies which explain this affirmation by (...) early gender socialization, the fact that women are thought to place a greater emphasis on harmonious relations and the fact that men and women use different ethical frameworks in their judgments. The goal of this paper is to determine the influence of these characteristics of the Board in terms of promoting and hindering the creation of a code of ethics. Our findings show that a greater number of female directors does not necessarily lead to more ethical companies. Moreover, within Europe as a continent, board ownership leads to an entrenchment of upper-level management, generating a divergence between the ethical interests of owners and managers. In light of this situation, the presence of independent directors is necessary to reduce such conflicts. (shrink)

El sistema agro-industrial-alimentario de Argentina, en el actual contexto de globalización económica, está signado desde algunas décadas ya, por el despliegue de un patrón de acumulación capitalista denominado como agronegocios. Se trata de un proceso, de transformación multidimensional y multiescalar, que presenta rupturas y continuidades con la expansión del anterior modelo de la agroindustria orientado al mercado interno a partir de regulaciones estatales. Según nuestras investigaciones desde la Comunidad de Estudios Campesinos (CEC) pudimos identificar cinco dispositivos según los cuales el (...) agronegocio se territorializa: económico-financiero, jurídico-normativo y de políticas públicas, legitimación ideológica, formación y desarrollo tecnológico, coercitivo (CEC, 2009). Nos interesa abonar a la caracterización del despliegue del último de los dispositivos del agronegocio: el de la violencia. En esta oportunidad presentamos un análisis del conjunto de los asesinatos o muertes de campesinos e indígenas en conflictos de tierra en Argentina, desde la desregulación económica hasta la actualidad. En este sentido nos proponemos indagar el significado de la violencia sobre los cuerpos de campesinos/as e indígenas que registramos desde 1991. Nuestra hipótesis se orienta a explicar la vinculación entre la violencia rural y la desterritorialización de la emergente intencionalidad campesina. (shrink)

A wide array of species throughout the animal kingdom has shown the ability to distinguish between quantities. Aside from being important for optimal foraging decisions, this ability seems to also be of great relevance in group-living animals as it allows them to inform their decisions regarding engagement in between-group conflicts based on the size of competing groups. However, it is often unclear whether these animals rely on numerical information alone to make these decisions or whether they employ other cues that (...) may covary with the differences in quantity. In this study we used a touch screen paradigm to investigate the quantity discrimination abilities of two closely related group-living species, wolves and dogs, using a simultaneous visual presentation paradigm. Both species were able to successfully distinguish between stimuli of different quantities up to 32 items and ratios up to 0.80, and their results were in accordance with Weber's law (which predicts worse performances at higher ratios). However, our controls showed that both wolves and dogs may have used continuous, non-numerical cues, such as size and shape of the stimuli, in conjunction with the numerical information to solve this task. In line with this possibility, dogs' performance greatly exceeded that which they had shown in other numerical competence paradigms. We discuss the implications these results may have on these species' underlying biases and numerical capabilities, as well as how our paradigm may have affected the animals' ability to solve the task. (shrink)

This article offers an ethnographic analysis of domestic living arrangements among young middle-class women in Greater Buenos Aires (Argentina), situated within the broader context of an intensifying housing crisis. Drawing on fieldwork conducted between 2015 and 2019, it examines informal familial arrangements that provide temporary and flexible access to housing, often mediated through intergenerational ties. These residential practices intersect with aesthetic strategies shaped and legitimized through social media, where influencers and digital platforms guide the curation of domestic space. The article (...) argues that such practices give rise to a form of precarizing gratification: a subjective sense of achievement rooted in globally circulating aesthetic norms, which functions as symbolic compensation amid material decline. This compensation is enacted within a broader framework of structural instability and the lived experience of potential downward social mobility. (shrink)

The social and cultural changes of the last century have transformed death from an everyday fact to something hidden from view. Shifting between the practical and the theoretical, the professional and the intimate, the real and the fictitious, this collection of essays explores the continued power of death over our lives. It examines the idea and experience of death from an interdisciplinary perspective, including studies of changing burial customs throughout Europe; an account of a"dying party" in the Netherlands; examinations of (...) the fascination with violent death in crime fiction and the phenomenon of serial killer art; analyses of death and bereavement in poetry, fiction, and autobiography; and a look at audience reactions to depictions of death on screen. By studying and considering how death is thought about in the contemporary era, we might restore the natural place it has in our lives. (shrink)

Positive reappraisal strategies have been found to reduce negative affect following the recall of negative personal events. This study examined the restorative effect of two mood-repair instructions (self-compassion vs benefit-focused reappraisal) and a control condition with no instructions following a negative Mood Induction Procedure by using the guided recall of a negative autobiographical event. A total of 112 university students participated in the online study (81% women, Mage: 21.0 years). Immediately following the negative memory recall, participants were randomised to each (...) condition [(self-compassion: n = 36, benefit-focused: n = 39) or a control condition (n = 37)]. Repeated measures ANOVAs 3 (Repair condition) × 3 (Time of mood assessment: pre-recall, post-recall, post-regulation) showed that, as expected, negative mood (sadness, shame, and guilt) worsened significantly after the guided recall in all groups (p <.001). After the mood-repair intervention, participants in the self-compassion and benefit-focused conditions showed a significant reduction in negative mood (p <.019), while such improvement was not observed in the control group. Self-compassion and benefit-focused reappraisal functioned similarly as mood repair strategies after experiencing negative affect induced by the recall of negative personal memories. Implications in the context of autobiographical memory biases are discussed. (shrink)

Several lines of evidence suggest that children born via Cesarean section are at greater risk for adverse health outcomes including allergies, asthma and obesity. Vaginal seeding is a medical procedure in which infants born by C-section are swabbed immediately after birth with vaginal secretions from the mother. This procedure has been proposed as a way to transfer the mother's vaginal microbiome to the child, thereby restoring the natural exposure that occurs during vaginal birth that is interrupted in the case of (...) babies born via C-section. Preliminary evidence indicates partial restoration of microbes. However, there is insufficient evidence to determine the health benefits of the procedure. Several studies, including trial, are currently underway. At the same time, in the clinic setting, doctors are increasingly being asked to by expectant mothers to have their babies seeded. This article reports on the current research on this procedure and the issues it raises for regulators, researchers, physicians, and patients. (shrink)

Las redes sociales se han convertido en el elemento estrella de la red en los últimos años. A través de ellas miles de personas comparten informaciones con otros con los que tienen algún interés común. El problema actual de algunas de ellas radica en la dificultad a la hora de coordinar esos recursos aportados, una labor que se complica a la hora de intentar recuperar todos esos datos vertidos. Desde el Laboratorio de Innovación en Tecnologías de la Información se ha (...) desarrollado, tras ocho años de trabajo, un software para clasificar, organizar y poner en común los recursos aportados por los miembros de una red orientada al recurso. Como desarrollo de este trabajo ha nacido MARIA, un buscador de recursos formativos orientados a niños con edades comprendidas entre 8 y 12 años, nutrido de la colaboración de personas adultas que conforman esa red social. A lo largo de este artículo se detallan las características y utilidades de este nuevo buscador, basado en una red social en la que sus miembros aportan recursos de un modo solidario y desinteresado, consiguiendo un sistema fácil y eficaz para ser utilizado por todos aquellos que lo necesiten. (shrink)

In this paper, we present a design tool, the positioning cards that we have developed, validated, and used in different projects. These cards are built to allow CI4CG and Participatory Design researchers to discuss the political alignment of design projects, in iterative processes of design involving people in the definition of the technological features to be implemented. The background of the cards is the conceptualization of contemporary participatory design as public design, engaging with societally relevant phenomena outside the traditional environment (...) of the workplace. To engage with such an extended dimension of participatory design, we frame our contribution in the contemporary form of capitalism, stressing how contemporary capitalism dispossess the wealth created by social production. In this context, we argue, CI4CG designers need to engage deeply with the theoretical implications of their work. To support this effort, we built the cards combining a political perspective oriented toward nourishing the common—the ensemble of the material and symbolic elements tieing together human beings—with the “affect turn” in the social sciences—therefore including affective dimensions like joy, sadness, and desire in the design of CI4CG technologies. In the final part of the article we discuss how we have used the cards in four different projects. (shrink)

This chapter is devoted to the patterns and causes of corporate-community relations in the Rio Blanco case. In this case corporate-community relations are primarily characterized by confrontation. The first section shows how relatively strong peasant organizations emerged as a consequence of the contestations with the state over territorial control. The second and the third sections analyze the initial interactions with the corporation, demonstrating how the corporation employed a coercive form of patronage to advance the project. Peasant organizations responded forcefully (...) to these strategies. Overall, the chapter shows the importance of broader political coalitions and non-state actors for communities to be able to engage in a sustained struggle opposing a project. (shrink)

This chapter examines the escalation of the conflict in the Rio Blanco case, from 2004 to 2007. The first two sections analyze how corporate-community relations have created divisions but also gave communities incentives to scale up their organizational structures to the regional level. The third section analyzes how peasant organizations, through coalitions with subnational governments, gained access to formal political instruments, which could then be used in combination with contentious strategies. Overall, the chapter shows that the confrontational relationship with (...) the corporation had profound impacts on organizational structures and scope for influence. Moreover, it demonstrates that the coalition with subnational governments is key to communities’ ability to sustain the struggle and also illustrates the tensions within the state with regard to natural resource governance. (shrink)

Resumo: Neste artigo desenvolvemos uma análise teórica sobre a Teoria do Design Inteligente e as polêmicas a ela associadas. Para tanto, tomamos por base princípios da Teoria da Ação Comunicativa de Jürgen Habermas. Realizamos uma distinção entre a teoria e o movimento do Design Inteligente, discorrendo sobre algumas das recorrentes críticas das quais estes têm sido alvos. Como conclusões, identificamos a importância de argumentações não serem de antemão excluídas das discussões científicas apenas por terem origem em ideias religiosas. Também apontamos (...) que, embora muitas ações do movimento do Design Inteligente possam alinhar-se com uma racionalidade sistêmica, argumentos presentes na teoria do Design Inteligente poderiam contribuir (dentro de discussões sobre a Natureza da Ciência guiadas por uma racionalidade comunicativa) para problematizar a adoção do naturalismo metodológico, tendo em vista ser a referida teoria incompatível com um naturalismo metodológico irrestrito, mas compatível com um naturalismo metodológico mitigado. Ao final, tratamos da polêmica acerca das tentativas de inserção desta teoria em aulas de ciências. Palavras-Chave: Teoria do Design Inteligente; Teoria da Ação Comunicativa; Educação Científica; Natureza da Ciência; Naturalismo Metodológico The Theory of Intelligent Design: an analysis from the perspective of the Theory of Communicative Action and implications for Science Education Abstract: In this article we develop a theoretical analysis on the Theory of Intelligent Design and the controversies associated with it. We take as basis the principles of Jürgen Habermas Theory of Communicative Action. We made a distinction between the theory and movement of Intelligent Design, talking about some of the recurring criticisms of which they have been the target. As conclusions, we identified the importance of arguments do not being exclude in advance from scientific discussions just because they originated in religious ideas. We also point out that many actions of the Intelligent Design movement can be align with a systemic rationality. But arguments present in the Intelligent Design theory could contribute (within discussions about the Nature of Science guided by a communicative rationality) to problematize the adoption of methodological naturalism, in view of the fact that the theory is incompatible with an unrestricted methodological naturalism, but compatible with a mitigated methodological naturalism. In the end, we deal with the controversy about the attempts to insert this theory in science classes. Key words: Theory of Intelligent Design; Theory of Communicative Action; Science Education; Nature of Science; Methodological Naturalism La Teoría del Diseño Inteligente: un análisis desde la perspectiva de la Teoría de la Acción Comunicativa e implicaciones para la Educación en Ciencias Resumen: En este artículo desarrollamos un análisis teórico de la Teoría del Diseño Inteligente y las polémicas asociadas a ella. Para ello, nos basamos en los principios de la Teoría de la Acción Comunicativa de Jürgen Habermas. Hacemos una distinción entre la teoría y el movimiento del Diseño Inteligente, discutiendo algunas de las críticas recurrentes de las que han sido blanco. Como conclusiones, identificamos la importancia de que los argumentos no sean excluidos de antemano de las discusiones científicas solo porque se originan en ideas religiosas. También señalamos que, si bien muchas acciones del movimiento del Diseño Inteligente pueden alinearse con una racionalidad sistémica, los argumentos presentes en la teoría del Diseño Inteligente podrían contribuir (dentro de las discusiones sobre la Naturaleza de la Ciencia guiada por una racionalidad comunicativa) para problematizar la adopción del naturalismo metodológico, en vista de que la referida teoría es incompatible con un naturalismo metodológico irrestricto, pero compatible con un naturalismo metodológico mitigado. Al final, tratamos la controversia sobre los intentos de insertar esta teoría en las clases de ciencias. Palabras-clave: Teoría del Diseño Inteligente; Teoría de la Acción Comunicativa; Educación Científica; Naturaleza de la Ciencia; Naturalismo Metodológico Data de registro: 09/11/2022 Data de aceite: 17/05/2023. (shrink)

El objetivo de este artículo es desarrollar el concepto de «racismo del anfitrión», con el fin de comprender cómo los niños blancos aprenden a ser racistas. Esta categoría conceptual pretende esclarecer la dinámica racial en el ámbito de la infancia blanca, a menudo ignorada por los estudios étnico-raciales, lo que contribuye a la reproducción de la idea de que la blancura representa una condición neutra, universal y exenta de análisis. Este trabajo resulta necesario porque persiste la creencia generalizada de que (...) no existe racismo entre los niños y de que los niños blancos no pueden ser racistas, lo que contradice las investigaciones que demuestran la reproducción de prácticas racistas desde la infancia. Se trata de una investigación bibliográfica, basada en el análisis temático de la literatura relativa a los conceptos de racismo en la infancia. Se concluye que el niño blanco no nace racista. Sin embargo, al nacer en una sociedad marcada por el racismo, el cuerpo blanco se convierte en huésped de ese virus. De este modo, el concepto de «racismo huésped» ha demostrado ser adecuado para aclarar que es una sociedad estructuralmente racista la que desarrolla el potencial de ser racista que lleva consigo el niño blanco. (shrink)

Introduction: Artificial intelligence (AI) impacts rural dynamics, but its bibliometric study is limited. This paper analyzes academic production on AI and its socioeconomic impact in rural areas between 2019 and 2022. Methodology: A search was conducted in Scopus, Web of Science, and other databases using the terms "AI," "socioeconomic transformations," and "rural." The data was processed using Bibliometrix and VOSviewer to analyze productivity, collaboration networks, and keyword co-occurrence. Duplicates were removed, and filters were applied by year, document type, and thematic (...) relevance. Results: A large number of relevant publications were identified, with an annual growth of a quarter. Thematic core topics included smart agriculture, the digital divide, and rural employment. The United States, China, and India led the scientific production. Conclusions: AI is emerging as an expanding field for rural development, but inequalities in access persist. Further studies on public policy and inclusion are needed. (shrink)

A partir del siglo XX se ha dado un cambio de paradigma en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje con el apoyo de las nuevas tecnologías se añade a la creación de empresa la denominación de Spin Off que permite explotar la investigación y el conocimiento –práctico de los estudiantes. Su creación se basa en el proceso de constitución deSociedades por Acciones Simplificadas (SAS) y un modelo paralelista de doble entrada (conocimiento/práctica) para el desarrollo académico de Contabilidad financieraavanzada. Los estudiantes responden a (...) esta iniciativa con empoderamiento de lasobligaciones asignadas tanto a nivel operativo, de aplicación contable y fiscal. (shrink)

A partir del siglo XX se ha dado un cambio de paradigma en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje con el apoyo de las nuevas tecnologías se añade a la creación de empresa la denominación de Spin Off que permite explotar la investigación y el conocimiento –práctico de los estudiantes. Su creación se basa en el proceso de constitución deSociedades por Acciones Simplificadas (SAS) y un modelo paralelista de doble entrada (conocimiento/práctica) para el desarrollo académico de Contabilidad financieraavanzada. Los estudiantes responden a (...) esta iniciativa con empoderamiento de lasobligaciones asignadas tanto a nivel operativo, de aplicación contable y fiscal. (shrink)

This article contributes to debates on mobilising queer perspectives on beauty as tools against racism and gender-based violence in contexts ruled by whiteness-centring racial mixture (mestizaje) regimes. Drawing on queer, critical race, feminist and visual studies’ frameworks and multimodal methods, the article explores representations on Marrón/Marrona/Marrxn 1 (racialised ‘brown-skinned’, as the colour marrón in Argentina is used as a racial category similar to moreno – both meaning shades of ‘brown’ – in other Latin American countries) beauty in relation to intersectional (...) antiracist discourses and queer politics of affect in sequential art – a medium that mobilises visual shorthands in connected ways to convey complex narratives, such as digital and printed illustrations, fanzines and comics – in Argentina, a society that envisions its national self as white, albeit within flexible boundaries shaped by racial mixture discourses. The article reflects on the connections between lived experience-based intersectional antiracism, queer politics of affect and sexual citizenship in artworks by Marrona artist-activist Abril Carissimo, aka @bbywacha. I argue that art practices that mobilise queer beauty as forms of affective refusal and care, offering perspectives grounded in lived experience and critical intersectional antiracist literacies, can function as an exercise in political imagination to confront historical oppressions and revendicate civil and human rights. Such an exercise proposes models of social justice-orientated and inclusive diversity in representation, while also challenging visual regimes of whiteness regarding erotic desire, gendered affect and the right to appear as a subject of rights in the public space. (shrink)

According to a prominent argument, logical pluralism arises due to the ambiguity – or other semantic features – of natural language expressions such as 'valid' or 'follows from'. In this paper, I show that this argument is unsuccessful. First, I argue that there is no compelling linguistic evidence for the claim that 'valid' and its cognates are ambiguous. As a result, logical pluralism cannot arise from the ambiguity of these expressions. Second, I point out that semantic considerations are generally ill-suited (...) to yield an interesting version of pluralism. The upshot is that logical pluralists cannot appeal to the semantics of 'valid' and its cognates to argue for their view. (shrink)

Logical contextualism is the view that ‘valid’ is a context-sensitive expression. An often-invoked motivation for this view is that, unlike traditional forms of logical pluralism, it appears to avoid the so-called collapse problem. In this paper, I argue for a twofold conclusion. First, I argue that the key tenets of logical contextualism require further development before the view can be fully assessed. Second, I argue that, even if we set this issue aside, logical contextualism rests on an untenable assumption: that (...) each context determines a unique logical consequence relation. I then show that, once this assumption is rejected, logical contextualism’s solution to the collapse problem is unsatisfactory. My overarching conclusion will be that logical contextualism is a less promising view than thus far appreciated. (shrink)

Teens live in a complicated world. They are constantly bombarded by messages from their friends, parents, teachers, the internet, and their churches, and not all of these messages agree or line up with each other. How do students figure out who to listen to? How do they figure out what is true? Inklings on Philosophy and Worldview will show teens practical ways to filter out the wrong messages and focus on what is real. Using teachings from highly respected, loved, and (...) well-known writers, teacher Matthew Dominguez will show teens the power of story as he guides them through a study of world religions, philosophies, and worldview, and gives them a firm foundation to stand on as they prepare to face the world. (shrink)

UNIVERSITÉ PARIS 8-SAINT-DENIS – ÉCOLE DOCTORALE PRATIQUES ET THÉORIES DU SENS Vidéo de la soutenance de la thèse présentée pour l'obtention du DOCTORAT EN PHILOSOPHIE, le 9 mai 2012, 10h à l'Institut des Amériques Espace Tocqueville 175, rue de Chevaleret, 75013 Paris RYTHME, GESTE, MONTAGE ESQUISSE POUR UNE TECHNOLOGICO-POLITIQUE PAR LE CINÉMA par ROMAN DOMINGUEZ JIMENEZ Sous la direction du Professeur émérite Alain Brossat Membres du jury : René SCHÉRER PR - Philosophie – Nouvel article.

This article reviews the enactive approach to perception, which defends the role of objects, the subject and the environment in the configuration of the phenomenal character of perception, that is, the qualitative dimension of experience. Initially the case of hallucination and its implications in the understanding of the phenomenal character of perception is retaken. Then, two positions within analytic philosophy of perception, representationalism and disjunctivism, are critically explored. Finally, enactivism is presented as a more promising alternative.

Background: COVID-19 has taken many lives worldwide and due to this, millions of persons are in grief. When the grief process lasts longer than 6 months, the person is in risk of developing Complicated Grief Disorder. The CGD is related to serious health consequences. To reduce the probability of developing CGD a preventive intervention could be applied. In developing countries like Mexico, the psychological services are scarce, self-applied interventions could provide support to solve this problem and reduce the health impact (...) even after the pandemic has already finished.Aims: To design and implement a self-applied intervention composed of 12 modules focused on the decrease of the risk of developing CGD, and increasing the life quality, and as a secondary objective to reduce the symptomatology of anxiety, depression, and increase of sleep quality. The Intervention Duelo COVID follows the principles of User Experience and is designed according to the needs and desires of a sample of the objective participants, to increase the adherence to the self-applied intervention, considered one of the main weaknesses of online interventions.Methods: A Randomized Controlled Trial will be conducted from the 22nd of December of 2020 to the first of June 2021. The participants will be assigned to an intervention with elements of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, Mindfulness and Positive Psychology. The control group will be a wait-list condition, that will receive the intervention 1.5–2 months after the pre-measurement were taken. The Power Size Calculation conducted through G*Power indicated the need for a total of 42 participants, which will be divided by 21 participants in each group. The platform will be delivered through responsive design assuring with this that the intervention will adapt to the screen size of cellphones, tablets, and computers.Ethics and Dissemination: The study counts with the approval of the Research Ethics Committee of the Autonomous University of Ciudad Juárez, México, and it is registered in Clinical Trials. The article is sent and registered in clinical trials before the recruitment started. The results will be reported in future conferences, scientific publications, and media. (shrink)

Companies’ day-to-day operations often require them to address ethical dilemmas and make ethical decisions. The corporate scandals that we have witnessed in recent decades evidence the failure to deal effectively with these situations and with the associated financial losses, reputation damage, and generation of a climate of distrust.Despite the attempts of regulatory reforms proposed in the wake of these scandals, these reforms are shown to be insufficient, making it necessary to reinforce an ethical culture inside organizations. A good system of (...) internal control and monitoring, combined with appropriate mechanisms of corporate governance, among other aspects, can form the basis on which to promote an ethical climate and prevent misconduct.Of the aspects related to corporate governance, special emphasis has been placed on the importance of ethical leadership, both for directors and for managers at different levels. This ethical leadership may contribute to reinforcing an ethical culture and promoting other formal tools, such as ethical codes or internal reporting channels for whistleblowers, which are effective in preventing and detecting unethical behavior.This chapter focuses on identifying the features related to the Board of Directors (such as its independence or its diversity) that can promote the implementation and effectiveness of whistleblowing channels or ethical codes and how they can contribute to reinforcing and extending an ethical culture throughout an organization. (shrink)

In this paper I aim to think about a set of different issues in relation to Marx’s philosophy on the light of the experience of Paris Commune. More specifically, I would like to point out that Marx’s experience facing the Commune could be constituted as a revealing indicator of some of the most significant outlines of his philosophy. Firstly, I am proposing an analysis of the letter from Marx to Ruge in Kreuznach with the purpose of thinking over young Marx’s (...) revolution idea by identifying two critical aspects that modify and project it transformed towards the Commune. In second place, I present a re-reading of The Civil War in France crossed by an internal disjunction between the scientific, political and philosophical words that are present in Marx, but that resist to be reappropriated in a single speech. (shrink)

El núcleo de este trabajo es el Prólogo de José Martí a El poema del Niágara. Su objetivo es destacar la vigencia de las ideas de Martí en torno al empobrecimiento y enriquecimiento espirituales. En el primer epígrafe se caracteriza al Prólogo, y en el segundo y el tercero, se tratan las ideas martianas en torno a la ruindad y el enriquecimiento espiritual y se establecen relaciones entre ellas y la actualidad. Conceptos desarrollados: universo espiritual humano, indiferencia, sensibilidad humana, enriquecimiento (...) espiritual, espiritualidad. (shrink)

Introduction: We live in a society that encourages self-medication and one reason is the availability of drugs that do not require a prescription and are easily accessible, the abuse of these have important implications for the health of the general population; being the most commonly used drugs: analgesics, antibiotics, antihistamines and others. Objective: Determine the causes that induce self-medication in freshmen and fifth year of the Faculty of Medicine of the Universidad Mayor, Real y Pontificia de San Francisco Xavier de (...) Chuquisaca - Bolivia, 2012. Methodology: Quantitative and descriptive cross-sectional approach. A sample of 284 students which they apply structural survey was obtained. Results.A high percentage of students who are self-medicating themselves without.medical.supervision. Conclusions: We can say that self-medication on freshmen and fifth year of medical school at the University Of San Francisco Xavier De Chuquisaca is induced by influence of social circle (friends and parents), advertising of certain medications, access to internet and lack of time. (shrink)

This study examines the multiple dimensions of the agdal system, a traditional Berber form of environmental management that regulates access to communal natural resources so as to allow the regeneration of natural resources. In fact, this ingenious system of agro-pastoral land rotation is ultimately beneficial for the conservation of the bio-physical environment, the performance of the present-day local economy and the maintenance of prevailing social cohesion and cultural coherence. Hence, agdals constitute a key element for the reinforcement of the sustainability (...) of existing agro-pastoral societies and ecosystems, but need to be better understood in order to explore necessary adaptations in the changing world of today. (shrink)

The research conducted at Nuevo Rocafuerte High School evaluated the efficacy of the Movie Method, which is an app for learning English that focuses on English vocabulary development for tenth-year EFL students. Methodologically, the research integrated surveys with test performance analysis to gauge the impact of digital tools on language acquisition at the A1 proficiency level. Results demonstrated a marked preference for digital learning, with 60% of students favoring movie-based methods over traditional vocabulary learning strategies. The adaptability of the Movie (...) Method was a significant factor, reflected in its high average score for enhancing vocabulary retention and understanding of difficult words. Despite initial reductions in participation due to unfamiliarity with the method, engaged students displayed considerable gains in vocabulary comprehension and usage, affirming the potential of such applications in bolstering language proficiency. The study underscores the importance of integrating mobile technology in educational strategies and the necessity of accessible, user-centered educational resources. Further investigation is required to corroborate these findings and assess the long-term impact of digital tools in diverse educational settings. (shrink)

This article arises in the Ecuadorian context of Higher Education where the insertion of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) has a considerable impact on the knowledge and attitudes of students. The purpose of the research is to analyze the integration of ICT in attitudes and knowledge in students of the Bolivar State University in the careers of Accounting and Business Administration. The methodology used in a sample of 150 students presents a quantitative research design, exploratory type, correlational scope and cross-sectional; (...) in addition, an exploratory factor analysis, KMO sample adequacy and Bartlett’s test were used, central trend and dispersion measures, Pearson’s correlation. The results show that, despite the direct relationship between the variables, there are no statistically significant differences between knowledge and attitude, that is, the perception and understanding of ICTs between the two cohorts of students are similar. It is concluded that students have an average level of knowledge about ICT and their attitude to the use of them is indifferent. (shrink)

En los últimos cursos impartidos por Foucault, la noción de la parrhesía se presenta como un elemento clave en su estudio sobre los discursos de verdad. Opuesta a esta noción, es frecuente encontrar la retórica como técnica de persuasión desvinculada de la verdad. En este artículo analizamos algunas de las formas en que Foucault vincula y opone parrhesía y retórica, partiendo de la tesis de que la parrhesía sería aquel tipo de práctica de la verdad que vendría a marcar la (...) distancia entre el discurso de verdad y el discurso falaz. La problemática que se genera en torno a ese límite deriva de la dificultad por establecer un criterio de distinción entre dos modos de ser del discurso, con sus propias formas de veridicción: el parresiástico (en sus formas políticas y filosóficas) y el retórico. (shrink)

De manera inmediata y tradicional pensamos que hablar sobre política exige forzosamente ligarla a la idea de conflicto. Si bien es cierto que el carácter político marca ciertos modos de habitar el mundo, también es relevante aclarar que, a partir del concepto que tengamos de política, podremos darnos cuenta de si la idea de conflicto es inherente a esta o si la política puede ser pensada desde otro horizonte. Hans-Georg Gadamer nos ofrece una serie de reflexiones hermenéuticas en torno al (...) lenguaje y al diálogo; a partir de allí, intentamos atisbar un concepto de política no solo inherente al conflicto, sino también a su parte medular como lo es el diálogo prudente. Pensar en una política dentro del marco de un horizonte dialógico nos permite arrojar luz a problemas particulares que nos aquejan hoy, los cuales nos interpelan a pensar y repensarlos para comprender por qué hemos llegado a ser lo que somos. (shrink)

En este artículo propongo una lectura de los primeros capítulos de Montesquieu. La politique et l’histoire (1959) de Louis Althusser con el fin de señalar el modo en el que las primeras menciones a Spinoza en la obra de Althusser se producen junto a Montesquieu y reflexionar sobre el sentido crítico de esas menciones. Con un estudio como este quisiera, primero y en general, señalar la importancia no siempre del todo reconocida que tuvo Montesquieu en el desarrollo teórico de Althusser. (...) Segundo, analizar el significado de las alusiones críticas a Spinoza presente en este escrito. Y, tercero, indicar los trazos que configurarían las condiciones de posibilidad de la integración del spinozismo al pensamiento de Althusser. (shrink)

El presente artículo se inscribe en el ámbito de la teoría política contemporánea pretendiendo indicar a Louis Althusser como un autor clave para la interrogación sobre la política en la actualidad. Se propone una revisión de la lectura althusseriana de Maquiavelo que permita esbozar dos puntos a desarrollar de manera preliminar. En primer lugar, responder a la pregunta sobre el por qué de la recurrencia al fiorentino por parte del filósofo comunista. Se sostendrá que la lectura de Maquiavelo sobredetermina la (...) intervención teórica de Althusser incorporando ‘nuevos’ temas y reactualizando ‘viejos’ interrogantes del althusserianismo. De modo que una lectura como esta permitiría recuperar de una manera específica cierto legado del autor. En segundo lugar, por medio del tratamiento de la problemática del comienzo en política en sus condiciones de imposibilidad -entre la eterna repetición de lo mismo y la absoluta contingencia por venir-, se señalará que lo que el autor encuentra frente a Maquiavelo es la posibilidad de una expansión del potencial de sentido de la política frente a quienes pretenden reducirla en su concepto y sus efectos. Producto de este análisis se señalará hasta qué punto la interrogación de Althusser por la política puede ser inscripta en un horizonte teórico posfundacional. (shrink)

No século XVII, Espinosa desempenha um papel filosófico relevante porque vive em um período central (1632-77), está em relação com núcleos decisivos da cultura (Amsterdã, Londres e Paris) e sua melhor contribuição consiste em aplicar o método científico a todos os campos do saber, sem excetuar a política, a moral e a religião. Para nossa contribuição, escolhemos sua correspondência com H. Oldenburg (1620-77), secretário da Royal Society. Em consequência da cronologia das cartas e de seus temas, trataremos dos seguintes pontos: (...) 1) Os personagens; 2) Primeiro diálogo: objeções à metafísica; 3) Segundo diálogo: prevenções ante a religião; 4) Terceiro diálogo: desacordos acerca do cristianismo. (shrink)

Research on young children in environmental education (EE) has focused on unstructured play in, or experiencing, nature. Little attention has been paid to young children’s stewardship efforts, or to the relation of such efforts to young children’s learning and capacity to contribute to their communities and local nature. This perspectives paper draws on the first author’s experience guiding pre-k and kindergarten children (4–6 years old) in outdoor educational projects in Santo Domingo (SD), Dominican Republic, in which the children produced a (...) park guide and a short film. In addition to becoming resources for the local community, these products are an example of children’s civic contributions. In “return on investment” language, guiding young children in outdoor experiences and reflecting on the experience represent the investment and the park guide and other products, and importantly, children’s recognition of their ability to make contributions to their community, represent the return on investment. Based on our observations that young children can make significant contributions to their communities when given the opportunity, this perspectives paper argues for a research agenda and investment in opportunities for young children to contribute to their socio-ecological communities. To support our perspective, we first review and critique the prevailing and emerging paradigms of early childhood EE, following which we briefly describe the Santo Domingo (SD) project, and close by integrating past work with the first author’s experience to argue for the importance of including young children in stewardship efforts. (shrink)

La experi enci a hermenéut i ca t raduceuna vivencia para realizar un proceso deinvestigación que conlleva la formacióndel ser. La experiencia hermenéutica sevive mediante el proceso, la estructuray e l p r o c e d i mi e n t o . E l p r o c e s o s edesarrolla a través de los prejuicios, lareflexión, el análisis, la compresión, lainterpretación y la síntesis, los cualesinvaden el procedimiento y la estructura.El procedimiento contempla el problema,l a (...) hi pótesi s, l a hi stori a de conceptos,el estado en cuestión y el acopio de lainformación, todo ello con el objeto decrear una cosa, con vida propia; para ello,se procura conversar con las autoridades,llegar a un acuerdo en la unidad de sentidoy l egi t i marl a, mi ent ras es vi vi da porotros. Tanto el proceso y el procedimientose mueven en una est r uct ur a que semanifiesta en el círculo de la compresión,creciendo concéntricamente, mientras varelacionando el todo con sus partes enfusión de horizontes.The hermeneutic experience means ane xpe r i e nc e t o do a r e s e ar c h pr oc e s sthat involves formation of the self. Thehermeneutic experience is lived throughthe process, structure and procedure. Theprocess is developed through prejudice,r e f l e c t i o n , a n a l y s i s , c o mp r e s s i o n ,interpretation and synthesis, which cani nvade t he pr ocedur e and s t r uct ur e.The procedure addresses the problem,hypothesis, the history of concepts, thestate concerned and the recollection ofinformation, all with the aim of creatinga thing with its own life. To this end, onetries to talk with the authorities, reach anagreement on the unity of meaning andlegitimate it, while it is lived by others.Both the process and the procedure aremoving in a structure that is manifestedi n t he cycl e of compressi on, growi ngconcentrically, while is linking the wholeto its parts in fusion of horizons. (shrink)

This article critically examines the feminist movement in Ciudad Juárez, Mexico, highlighting the struggles and activism of Juarense women against social injustices, particularly those exacerbated by machismo, the Narco War, and the manufacturing industry. The analysis explores the roots of machismo in Mexican culture, the impact of the maquiladora industry on women's lives, and the rise of feminist activism in response to these challenges. Emphasizing the intersection of gender violence and legal frameworks, the article incorporates feminist legal theory to argue (...) for substantial legal reforms to combat the normalization of machismo and feminicide. It further discusses the resilience and determination of Juarense women, portraying their efforts as part of the broader global feminist movement. (shrink)

Una de las críticas más trilladas al giro decolonial consiste en afirmar que sostiene una visión esencialista y ahistórica de las identidades. Este ensayo pone a prueba estas acusaciones mediante una revisión de algunos textos fundamentales de la corriente decolonial. Por una parte, muestro que, si bien el giro decolonial retoma el tema tradicional de la identidad latinoamericana, tacharlo de esencialista resulta de una lectura simplificadora y homogeneizadora. Por otra parte, formulo la hipótesis de que el meollo del asunto radica (...) más bien en un “régimen de historicidad” (Hartog 2015) marcado por la primacía del pasado en los discursos sobre la identidad cultural. (shrink)